Long-term potentiation is associated with changes in synaptic ultrastructure in the rat neocortex
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Long-term potentiation (LTP) in the sensorimotor cortex of freely moving rats has been associated with changes in dendritic morphology and dendritic spine density. The current research examined changes in synaptic number and ultrastructure associated with LTP in this cortical region. LTP was induced over a 1 h period and the animals were sacrificed 2 h after the initial stimulation of the LTP group. Synapses within the terminal area of the apical dendrites from layer III pyramidal neurons were quantified by determining the total number of synapses per neuron, the number of excitatory and inhibitory contacts, number of synapses with different curvature subtypes, number of perforated synapses, and synaptic length. Several changes in synaptic morphology of excitatory synapses were revealed but no overall increase in the number of synapses per neuron was evident. Specifically, the induction of LTP was associated with an increased number of excitatory perforated and concave shaped synapses. Increased numbers of perforated concave synapses were also found to be significantly correlated with the degree of potentiation in the LTP animals. These and previous results suggest similar synaptic changes in both the cortex and hippocampus during the early phases of LTP maintenance and distinct synaptic changes during later phases of LTP maintenance.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".