The development of hand preference and dichotic language lateralization in males and females with congenital adrenal hyperplasia
Bibliographic record
Abstract
People with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) are exposed to elevated levels of androgens in utero due to overproduction by the adrenal cortex. In order to test whether high levels of prenatal androgens influence the development of handedness preferences and left-hemisphere language representation, we studied 39 patients with CAH (28 females, 11 males) and 25 unaffected sibling controls (17 females, 8 males). Hand preference for 15 unimanual activities was evaluated via questionnaire and pantomime, and a consonant-vowel dichotic listening test was administered. Contemporary theories disagree as to whether high testosterone is said to increase or decrease the probability of developing a typical right-hand preference. Results showed no significant differences on the handedness inventory. Relative to controls, however, patients with CAH showed a significantly larger right-ear advantage on the dichotic syllables task, indicating stronger left-hemisphere lateralization of language. These results support an emerging body of evidence suggesting that high testosterone may bias lateralized development toward the population norm, but run counter to the Geschwind-Behan-Galaburda model which associates high prenatal testosterone with a greater prevalence of left-handedness.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".