The contribution of XANES spectroscopy to tribology
Bibliographic record
Abstract
X-ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopy (XANES) analysis has been routinely used to study the complex chemical interactions between additives in engine oil and metallic surfaces during high-temperature and pressure reciprocating wear conditions. XANES analysis provides detailed chemical and structural information on the resultant antiwear and tribo films formed on metallic surfaces. The following review will illustrate how XANES analysis on the macro scale can provide the information required to elucidate complex film formation mechanisms, then describes the use of emerging XANES spectromicroscopy to such systems, and concludes by showing the complementary nature of the macro and micro scale spatially resolved XANES analysis; Professor Bancroft has utilized the combination of these to stay at the forefront of XANES research in the field of tribology and in spectroscopy science in general.Key words: tribology, XANES, X-ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopy, metals, thiophosphates, spectromicroscopy, tribochemistry.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".