Increased Plasma Superoxide Radical in Patients with Non-Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Several studies have investigated the potential role of oxidative stress in the evolution of colorectal cancer. In most of these studies, oxidative stress was assessed indirectly by measurements of indices like lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation or antioxidant status. The present study was undertaken to directly assess systemic oxidative stress by measuring plasma superoxide radical (O 2 - ·) in patients with non-metastatic colorectal cancer. Methods: Twelve patients (6 males and 6 females) with a recent diagnosis of colorectal cancer and no signs of metastases and 12 healthy volunteers matched for age and gender were enrolled in the study. O 2 - · levels in plasma were assessed by application of a new ultra-sensitive fluorescent assay. Also lipid peroxidation levels in plasma were measured as thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS). Results: In the plasma fraction of whole blood, there was a significant increase (47%) of O 2 - · levels in colorectal carcinoma patients as compared to healthy volunteers (P < 0.001). In fractionated plasma, no O 2 - · was detected in both groups. Plasma TBARS levels were increased by 81% in colorectal carcinoma patients as compared to controls (P < 0.001). Conclusions: These data show that colorectal cancer, even at early (non-metastatic) stages, induces systemic oxidative stress as evidenced by increased O 2 · - levels measured in plasma. Given the important role of oxidative stress in carcinogenesis and the fact that O 2 · - is considered its primary parameter, our findings if confirmed in larger studies might establish the potential validity of O 2 · - as a new biomarker for colorectal cancer. Gastroenterol Res. 2008;1(1):45-48 doi: https://doi.org/10.4021/gr2008.11.1249
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".