Using Local Police Data to Inform Investigative Decision Making: A Study of Commercial Robbers' Spatial Decisions
Bibliographic record
Abstract
An examination of the home-to-crime distances (mea sured as the straight-line distance from the robbery site to the robber’s home location) for 177 solved commercial robberies in St. John’s, newfoundland, indicated that half of the robberies were committed within 1 km of the robber’s home and the frequency of target selection followed a distance-decay pattern. the relationships between home-to-crime distance and 60 robbery-related variables derived from royal newfoundland Constabu lary (rnC) data were also assessed. results suggest that the rnC may be able to use information on robber age, number of robbers involved, setting (urban vs. rural), type of street (side vs. main), and means of escape (walk ing vs. vehicle) to aid the search for a suspect following a commercial robbery. A discussion is presented on the contribution of these results to a general understanding of offender spatial behaviour. Inconsistent findings in crimi nal spatial behaviour research, however, suggest that these relationships vary by crime type and geographic region, thus police agencies are urged to analyze their own data on solved crimes to inform investigative decision making within their own jurisdictions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.006 | 0.031 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".