Thrombin-cleaved Osteopontin Levels in Synovial Fluid Correlate with Disease Severity of Knee Osteoarthritis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: although osteoarthritis (OA) is generally assessed using standard radiographic images in clinical practice, biochemical markers can be used to detect the disease and determine its severity. Osteopontin (OPN) is an extracellular matrix glycoprotein that is a potential inflammatory cytokine. Presence of the thrombin-cleaved form of OPN is well correlated with various inflammatory diseases. We examined whether thrombin-cleaved OPN in synovial fluid (SF) and synovium could be associated with the severity of knee OA. METHODS: SF samples were obtained from 139 knees with OA. Thrombin-cleaved OPN product was determined using Western blotting. Levels of thrombin-cleaved and full-length OPN in SF were determined by ELISA. Synovium samples were analyzed by immunohistochemistry using an antibody specific to the thrombin-cleaved form. RESULTS: western blotting showed the presence of thrombin-cleaved OPN in SF from patients with advanced OA. Concentrations of OPN full-length in OA knees were not statistically different from those in controls (p = 0.134). In contrast, levels of OPN N-half were significantly higher in OA knees than in controls (p = 0.042). Statistically significant correlation was found between thrombin-cleaved OPN and disease severity by Kellgren-Lawrence grade 1, 2, 3, and 4 (R = 0.274, p < 0.001). Immunohistochemistry of the synovium showed stronger reactivity in samples from subjects with advanced OA. CONCLUSION: local generation of thrombin-cleaved OPN was increased with greater OA severity.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".