Continuous ARGET ATRP of Methyl Methacrylate and Butyl Acrylate in a Stirred Tank Reactor
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Activator regenerated by electron transfer atom-transfer radical polymerization of butyl acrylate and methyl methacrylate was successfully adapted from a batch process to a continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) with 50 ppm copper. A series of batch polymerizations were first performed to identify a solvent mixture to enhance the polymerization rate, maintain chain livingness, and eliminate unsteady-state behavior caused by the precipitation of copper(II) complexes. The batch formulations were run in a CSTR with mean residence times of 60, 90, and 120 min, with steady-state behavior reached after four residence times. The apparent rate coefficient in the CSTR experiments was higher than that in batch polymerizations, likely because of a higher steady-state reducing agent concentration in the CSTR, which shifted the copper(I)/copper(II) ratio in favor of the activating species. Polymer chain extensions showed good living characteristics, demonstrating CSTRs as a viable platform for industrial-scale controlled radical polymerization.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".