Deadwood abundance in recently harvested and old Nova Scotia hardwood forests
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Deadwood (dead standing tree (snag), woody debris (WD; downed deadwood), buried wood and stump abundance) was estimated in northern hardwood forests of Nova Scotia dominated by Acer saccharum, Betula alleghaniensis, Fagus grandifolia, Betula papyrifera and Acer rubum. Three strata were examined (1) old forests, (2) forests clearcut 1–2 years before measurement and (3) forests clearcut 8 years before measurement. Deadwood stocks in old and clearcut Nova Scotia hardwood forests were low compared with deadwood stocks reported for similar southern and inland forests. Deadwood was 62–88 per cent WD, amounting to 11–37 Mg ha−1. No snags >30-cm diameter at breast height were encountered, with snags containing just 23 per cent of total deadwood biomass in old forests. Harvesting left no snags standing, but immediately generated a flush of WD. Small pieces (<20-cm diameter) dominated WD abundance at all sites, with a large proportion <10-cm diameter WD 1–2 years after harvest. Although sites harvested 1–2 years before measurement contained twice as much WD as old forests, sites harvested 8 years before measurement contained equivalent amounts of WD to old forests, indicative of rapid hardwood decay rates. Stumps and buried wood were minor biomass pools.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".