Contamination of Roadside Soil and Bush Mint (Hyptis suaveolens) with Trace Metals along Major Roads of Abuja
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
There has been a growing concern over environmental pollution by trace metals from automobile source. Abuja, like most urban cities has a high road traffic density. The present study investigates the levels of trace metals in roadside plant and soils along some major roads in Abuja. Thirty samples, consisting of equal number of plants and soils from Airport, Kubwa and Nyanya road were analyzed for Pb, Fe, Cu, Zn, and Cr levels using atomic absorption spectroscopy. The findings reveal trace metal contamination gradient, with the maximum levels closer to the road. Copper is prevalent in the study area with concentrations standing at 76.66 ± 12.02 µg g-1 and 300.00 ± 50.00 µg g-1 in the plant and soil respectively. There is a significant correlation in the concentration of the metals studied regardless of sample class. The average distribution of the metals in the samples decreased in the order Cu > Zn > Fe > Pb > Cr with the exception of Nyanya soil and the plant samples from Kubwa road. Evidence for Pb transfer from soil to Hyptis suaveolens was established and accumulation of Pb, Cu and Fe has reached alarming levels. Chromium traces were as low as 11.91 ± 1.38 µg g-1 in the plant but reached up to 39.68 ± 6.87 µg g-1 in the soil. Concentration of the metals investigated in the soil except for Cu, are within the safety limit recommended by FAO/WHO.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it