Compact High-Performance Multimode Interference Couplers in Silicon-on-Insulator
Bibliographic record
Abstract
<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> We demonstrate compact multimode interference (MMI) couplers on silicon-on-insulator that exhibit both high performance and relaxed tolerances. The devices are fabricated with a single shallow etch step on 1.5-<formula formulatype="inline"> <tex Notation="TeX">$\mu$</tex></formula>m-thick silicon, and have a footprint of 12.8 <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$\mu$</tex></formula>m<formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$\,\times\,$</tex></formula>456 <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$\mu$</tex></formula>m, including 100-<formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$\mu$</tex></formula>m-long tapers at input and output. In a Mach–Zehnder configuration, we achieve an extinction ratio larger than 22 dB for transverse-electric polarization and larger than 20 dB for transverse-magnetic polarization. This extinction ratio is maintained in the full 1520- to 1580-nm band and for MMI width variations in a range of 0.45 <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$\mu$</tex> </formula>m. We also show appreciable tolerance differences between paired and general excitation MMIs. </para>
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".