Excavation of Surface Installed Pipeline
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A research program was undertaken to investigate the behavior of high-density polyethylene pipe during surface installation by horizontal directional drilling. In the fall of 1997, an instrumented high-density polyethylene pipe [55 m (180 ft) long, 200 mm (8 in.) in diameter, and dimension ratio of 17] was installed and monitored. Approximately 2 years later, three test pit excavations were completed to obtain in situ information along the bore, including pipe subsurface profile, characterization of site soils and bore slurry surrounding the pipe, location of the pipe in the bore, and pipe rotation and ovality. Research results indicate that pilot bore and in situ pipe profiles agree well, pipe buoyancy forces are small, drilling practice and fluid flow characteristics influence the slurry composition, well-designed drilling fluids provide bore support during and for extended periods following installation, significant voids are not created within the bore, slurry consolidates to a density similar to the surrounding soil (when the bore is located above the groundwater table), pipe torsion loading is inferred to be low, and pipe ovality is less than specified long-term deflection limits.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".