Mucosal Immunization with Inactivated Human Immunodeficiency Virus plus CpG Oligodeoxynucleotides Induces Genital Immune Responses and Protection against Intravaginal Challenge
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Vaccines capable of protecting against sexually transmitted infections, such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), will depend on the induction of potent long-lasting mucosal immune responses in the genital tract. We evaluated vaginal and systemic immune responses and protection from vaginal challenge elicited after intranasal immunization of mice with inactivated glycoprotien 120-depleted HIV-1 immunogen alone or in combination with immunostimulatory CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs). Mice immunized with HIV-1 immunogen plus CpG ODN had significantly enhanced levels of anti-protein 24 immunoglobulin (Ig) G and IgA antibodies in serum and vaginal washes and increased production of beta-chemokines and interferon-gamma, compared with mice immunized with HIV-1 immunogen alone or with control ODN. Furthermore, mice intranasally immunized with HIV-1 immunogen plus CpG were protected against intravaginal challenge with a recombinant vaccinia virus expressing HIV-1 gag. These results indicate that mucosal immunization with whole-killed HIV-1 plus CpG ODN may be an effective means of inducing local immunity and protection against genital infection.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".