Microscopic imaging of biphasic oil‐air flow in <scp>F</scp>rench fries using synchrotron radiation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Spontaneous oil percolation in French fries was studied dynamically at cellular scale using deep‐UV synchrotron radiation enabling to image simultaneously the fluorescence of cell walls and of dyed oil. Experimental results report 75 oil filling kinetics of potato parenchyma cells previously emptied and equilibrated with superheated steam in conditions mimicking immersion frying. Counter‐current oil‐air flow was found the dominant factor controlling the kinetic of oil penetration, whereas, trapped bubbles delay the passage of oil from the first to the second cell layer for additional several minutes. The frequency of occurrence of passages between layers was assessed much lower than the percolation threshold suggested by the hierarchical honeycomb arrangement of cells. A description relating microscopic oil‐air flow and oil uptake is detailed in a companion paper. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 61: 1427–1446, 2015
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".