A cooperative computational and experimental investigation on electrochemical behavior of metoprolol and its voltammetric determination
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The electrochemical behavior of metoprolol (MTP) was studied via experimental and computational approaches. Theoretical calculations were performed at the B3LYP/6-31+G(d)//AM1 level whereas experimental studies were carried out on a hanging mercury drop electrode (HMDE) and glassy carbon electrode (GCE). According to the computational results, both HOMO and LUMO of MTP were located at the phenyl ring. Hence, oxidation and reduction are expected to take place at the phenyl ring. Experimental studies on HMDE were based on reversible reduction at approximately –1.4 V and studies on GCE were based on irreversible oxidation at approximately 0.9 V versus Ag/AgCl (3 mol L−1 KCl) in Britton−Robinson buffer. Voltammetric methods with and without adsorptive stripping modes were developed. Proposed methods were successfully applied to tablet solutions and spiked human serum samples. Results are satisfactory with recovery values between 94.5% and 102.5% and a relative standard deviation lower than 6%.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".