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Meta-analysis identifies 13 new loci associated with waist-hip ratio and reveals sexual dimorphism in the genetic basis of fat distribution
Iris M. Heid, Anne Jackson, Joshua C. Randall, Thomas W. Winkler, Lu Qi, Valgerður Steinthórsdóttir, Guðmar Þorleifsson, M. Carola Zillikens, Elizabeth K. Speliotes, Reedik Mägi, Tsegaselassie Workalemahu, Charles C. White, Nabila Bouatia‐Naji, Tamara B. Harris, Sonja I. Berndt, Erik Ingelsson, Cristen J. Willer, Michael N. Weedon, Jian’an Luan, Sailaja Vedantam, Tõnu Esko, Tuomas O. Kilpeläinen, Zoltán Kutalik, Shengxu Li, Keri L. Monda, Anna Dixon, Chris Holmes, Lee M. Kaplan, Liming Liang, Josine L. Min, Miriam F. Moffatt, Cliona Molony, Eric E. Schadt, Krina T. Zondervan, Mary F. Feitosa, Teresa Ferreira, Hana Lango Allen, Robert J. Weyant, Eleanor Wheeler, Andrew R. Wood, Karol Estrada, Michael E. Goddard, Guillaume Lettre, Massimo Mangino, Dale R. Nyholt, Shaun Purcell, Albert V. Smith, Peter M. Visscher, Jian Yang, Steven A. McCarroll, James Nemesh, Benjamin F. Voight, Devin Absher, Najaf Amin, Thor Aspelund, Lachlan Coin, Nicole L. Glazer, Caroline Hayward, Nancy L. Heard‐Costa, Jouke‐Jan Hottenga, Åsa Johansson, Toby Johnson, Marika Kaakinen, Karen Kapur, Shamika Ketkar, Joshua W. Knowles, Peter Kraft, Aldi T. Kraja, Claudia Lamina, Michael F. Leitzmann, Barbara McKnight, Andrew P. Morris, Ken K. Ong, John R. B. Perry, Marjolein J. Peters, Ozren Polašek, Inga Prokopenko, Nigel W. Rayner, Samuli Ripatti, Fernando Rivadeneira, Neil R. Robertson, Serena Sanna, Ulla Sovio, Ida Surakka, Alexander Teumer, S. van Wingerden, Véronique Vitart, Wei Zhao, Christine Cavalcanti-Proença, Peter S. Chines, Eva Fisher, Jennifer R. Kulzer, Narisu Narisu, Camilla H. Sandholt, Laura J. Scott, Kaisa Silander, Klaus Stark, Mari‐Liis Tammesoo, Tanya M. Teslovich, Nicholas J. Timpson, Richard M. Watanabe, Ryan Welch, Daniel I. Chasman, Matthew N. Cooper, John‐Olov Jansson, Johannes Kettunen, Robert Lawrence, Niina Pellikka, Markus Perola, Liesbeth Vandenput, Helene Alavere, Peter Almgren, Larry D. Atwood, Amanda J. Bennett, Reiner Biffar, Lori L. Bonnycastle, Stefan R. Bornstein, Thomas A. Buchanan, Harry Campbell, Ian N.M. Day, Mariano Dei, Marcus Dörr, Paul Elliott, Michael R. Erdos, Johan G. Eriksson, Mao Fu, Stefan Gaget, Eco J. C. de Geus, Anette P. Gjesing, Harald Grallert, Jürgen Gräßler, Christopher J. Groves, Candace Guiducci, Anna‐Liisa Hartikainen, Neelam Hassanali, Aki S. Havulinna, Karl‐Heinz Herzig, Andrew A. Hicks, Jennie Hui, Wilmar Igl, Antti Jula, Eero Kajantie, Leena Kinnunen, Ivana Kolčić, Seppo Koskinen, Péter Kovács, Heyo K. Kroemer, Vjekoslav Krželj, Johanna Kuusisto, Kirsti Kvaløy, Jaana Laitinen, Olivier Lantieri, G.M. Lathrop, Marja‐Liisa Lokki, Robert Luben, Barbara Ludwig, Wendy L. McArdle, Anne McCarthy, Mario A. Morken, Mari Nelis, Matt J. Neville, Guillaume Paré, Alex Parker, John F. Peden, Irene Pichler, Kirsi H. Pietiläinen, Carl Platou, Anneli Pouta, Martin Ridderstråle, Nilesh J. Samani, Jouko Saramies, Juha Sinisalo, Jan Smit, Rona J. Strawbridge, Heather M. Stringham, Amy J. 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Bibliographic record
VenueNature Genetics · 2010
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldBiochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
TopicGenetic Associations and Epidemiology
Canadian institutionsMcMaster UniversityUniversité de MontréalMontreal Heart Institute
FundersNational Center for Research ResourcesNational Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney DiseasesNational Institute on AgingNational Heart, Lung, and Blood InstituteNational Institute of Mental HealthMedical Research CouncilU.S. Public Health ServiceNational Institutes of HealthSchweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen ForschungNational Institute of General Medical SciencesNational Institute for Health and Care ResearchNational Human Genome Research InstituteWellcome TrustNederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk OnderzoekNational Cancer InstituteBritish Heart Foundation
KeywordsBiologySexual dimorphismWaist–hip ratioTraitBody fat percentageBody mass indexGeneticsQuantitative trait locusGenome-wide association studyAnthropometryMeta-analysisWaistInternal medicineGeneSingle-nucleotide polymorphismGenotypeEndocrinologyMedicine
Abstract
No abstract in any covered source. Its absence is recorded, not treated as a negative.
No abstract. This is not a gap in this database; OpenAlex has none either. 23.3% of the frame is in this state, and the screen finds HALF as much metaresearch here, so the absence is a measured bias rather than a missing field.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
metaresearch head score (Codex)0.005
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.009
Version: metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061cValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Meta-analysis · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.005
Threshold uncertainty score0.028
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.005 | 0.009 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.003 | 0.008 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.004 | 0.006 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
Opus teacher head0.022
GPT teacher head0.274
Teacher spread0.252 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation status
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designMeta-analysis
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".
Quick stats
Citations962
Published2010
Admission routes1
Has abstractno