Skeletal muscle microbiopsy: a validation study of a minimally invasive technique
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The study of the peripheral skeletal muscle function in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is of growing interest, but often requires biopsies, usually with the Bergström technique. The current study was designed to test the validity of a minimally invasive technique: the microbiopsy. In 17 patients with COPD and four normal subjects, two specimens of the vastus lateralis were taken percutaneously under local anaesthesia, one with a 16-gauge needle (microbiopsy) and the other with the Bergström needle. The enzymatic activity of citrate synthase (CS) and phosphofructokinase (PFK), and the myosin heavy chain (MyoHC) composition were measured for both techniques. The subjects reported no pain or much less with the microbiopsy compared with the Bergström biopsy. The microbiopsy sample weight reached 55+/-17 mg. The two techniques showed excellent agreement for CS activity and MyoHC composition. The PFK activity did not differ statistically between the techniques, but the agreement was moderate. The agreement between both biopsy techniques was stable over time. The median (range) fibre number within the microbiopsy specimens was 144 (38-286). In conclusion, the current study shows the feasibility and validity of a minimally invasive muscle biopsy technique that appears more comfortable for subjects, compared with the Bergström technique.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.007 | 0.017 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".