Exercise hemodynamic and neurohormone responses as sensitive biomarkers for diltiazem in rats.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
PURPOSE: To investigate the potential of exercise hemodyanamic and neurohormone variables as sensitive biomarkers for pre-clinical evaluation of diltiazem (DTZ). METHODS: Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into 3 groups (n = 6 - 8 each), and each group received DTZ 10 mg/kg twice daily for 5 doses or saline followed by a treadmill exercise protocol for 7 min with speed set at 7 m/min at 3 % grade. The 3rd group received saline but no exercise. RESULTS: Exercise increased SBP from 108 +/- 2 to 131 +/- 3 mmHg, and HR from 437 +/- 6 to 503 +/- 6 bpm, and plasma epinephrine concentrations from 2.0 +/- 0.6 to 5.8 +/- 1.7 ng/mL in control rats (p < 0.05 for all variables), but had no significant effect on DBP (81 +/- 5 vs 87 +/- 6 mmHg) and plasma norepinephrine concentrations (1.5 +/- 0.2 vs 3.9 +/- 0.4 ng/mL). The hemodynamic responses to exercise were significantly attenuated by DTZ (p < 0.05), but the effect on neurohormone response was minimal (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Exercise hemodynamic and neurohormone responses are sensitive biomarkers which could be used for safety and efficacy evaluation of DTZ and perhaps also other calcium antagonists in pre-clinical animal models.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".