Development and study of deck joints in prefabricated concrete bulb-tee bridge girders: Experimental evaluation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract This paper presents a new bridge deck slab flange-to-flange connection system for precast Deck Bulb Tee (DBT) girders. In prefabricated bridge system made of DBT girders, the concrete deck slab is cast with the prestressed girder in a controlled environment at the fabrication facility and then shipped to the bridge site. This system requires that the individual prefabricated girders to be connected through their flanges in order to make it continuous for transverse live load distribution among girders. Two types of moment-transferring connection and two types of intermittent-bolted connection, besides one moment-transferring connection provided by lateral restraints to girder rotation, were developed. Five actual-size bridge panels were fabricated and then tested up-to-collapse to qualify these joints for use in acceleration bridge construction. The effect of the detailing of the moment-transferred connection along with the level of the fixity of the connecting steel plates of intermittent-bolted connection were examined. The developed joint was considered successful if the experimental wheel load satisfied the requirements specified in North American Bridge Codes. It was concluded that the type and detailing of the deck slab joint affected the ultimate load carrying capacity of the developed connections. The successful connection systems can be used by bridge engineers in order to design bulb-tee girder system to accelerate bridge construction.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".