NEST DEPREDATION, BROOD PARASITISM, AND REPRODUCTIVE VARIATION IN ISLAND POPULATIONS OF SONG SPARROWS (MELOSPIZA MELODIA)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Theory suggests that the persistence of metapopulations will be influenced by the degree of synchrony in the dynamics of their component populations. Various studies have shown that climate can promote synchrony in the size of adjacent populations linked by dispersal, but fewer studies have examined the effects of climate on underlying demographic rates. We studied annual variation in the timing of breeding and reproductive rates in Song Sparrow (Melospiza melodia) on islands linked by dispersal to determine whether biotic factors acting at local scales or climatic factors acting at a regional scale were more influential of variation in demography. The onset of egg laying varied markedly among years but was roughly synchronous across islands within years. Despite this synchrony, island populations varied markedly in reproductive rate, mainly from spatial variation in nest depredation and brood parasitism. In general, populations farther from Vancouver Island and with fewer resident predators experienced less nest depredation and brood parasitism, and higher reproductive rates, than populations closer to Vancouver Island. Our results show that even when climate acts regionally to synchronize reproductive timing in adjacent populations, its effects on reproductive rate may be overridden by biotic factors that vary among populations. Depredación de Nidos, Parasitismo de Cría y Variación Reproductiva en Poblaciones Isleñas de Melospiza melodia
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".