A Dose Threshold for a Medium Transfer Bystander Effect for a Human Skin Cell Line
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Liu, Z., Mothersill, C. E., McNeill, F. E., Lyng, F. M., Byun, S. H., Seymour, C. B. and Prestwich, W. V. A Dose Threshold for a Medium Transfer Bystander Effect for a Human Skin Cell Line. Radiat. Res. 166, 19–23 (2006).The existence of radiation-induced bystander effects mediated by diffusible factors is now accepted, but the mechanisms and precise behavior at low doses remain unclear. We exposed cells to γ-ray doses in the range 0.04 mGy–5 Gy, harvested the culture medium, and transferred it to unirradiated reporter cells. Calcium fluxes and clonogenic survival were measured in the recipients. We show evidence for a dose threshold around 2 mGy for the human skin cell line used with a suggestion of increased survival below that dose. Similar experiments using direct γ irradiation showed no reduction in survival until the dose exceeded 7 mGy. Preliminary data for neutrons where the γ-ray dose was kept below the bystander threshold do not show a significant bystander effect in the dose range 1–33 mGy. A lack of a bystander response with neutrons occurred at around 1 Gy, where significant cell killing from direct irradiation was observed. The result may have implications for understanding the role of bystander effects at low doses.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it