Continuous atom transfer radical block copolymerization of methacrylates
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract A column reactor packed with silica‐gel‐supported copper bromide (CuBr)–hexamethyltriethylenetetramine (HMTETA) was developed for the continuous‐transition–metal‐mediated living/controlled radical polymerization [atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP)] for homo‐ and block copolymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA). The reactor showed good stability (>100 h) in both catalyst activity and molecular weight of the poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) produced. The MMA conversion decreased as the flow rate increased. The polymerization in the reactor was in first order with respect to monomer concentration. The molecular weight of the resulting PMMA increased linearly with MMA conversion, exhibiting the characteristic feature of living polymerization. Thus, simply changing the flow rate of MMA, which in turn determined the MMA conversion, readily controlled the molecular weight of PMMA. The block copolymerization of MMA with n‐butyl methacrylate (nBMA) was carried out using two reactors connected in series. The block copolymers were slightly contaminated by PMMA prepolymer from the first column. The molecular weight of the nBMA block could be changed by the flow rate of the nBMA in the second reactor. This packed column reactor technology is feasible for continuously synthesizing polymers or block copolymers with controlled molecular weights that are readily adjustable by changing the monomer flow rates.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".