Repeatability of cell-mediated and innate immunity, and other fitness-related traits, in the Grey Partridge
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Immunocompetence is considered a reliable indicator of general body condition and ultimately of fitness. It has been suggested that, as a parameter subjected to intense directional selection, the level of additive genetic variance expressed should be reduced; on the other hand, theoretical models of host–parasite coevolution assume that variation in parasite resistance has a genetic basis. Contradictory results have been reported in birds, since the heritability of immune responses varies from nil to high. In this study of Grey Partridge (Perdix perdix (L., 1758)), we examined the heritability of immune condition (PHA reaction, an index of T-cell-mediated immunocompetence) and of some parameters traditionally considered important for chick survival, such as egg mass and chick growth. Two statistical approaches were used: parent–offspring regression and full-sibling intra-clutch repeatability. The repeatability of other parameters that reflect egg quality (egg proteins, lipids, and carotenoids) and of substances that confer innate immunity (lysozyme and avidin) was also investigated. In agreement with previous studies, we found nonsignificant heritability for cell-mediated immunocompetence. In contrast, there were significant repeatabilities of chick mass and several egg characteristics (mass, size, total proteins), while lipid and carotenoid concentrations were not repeatable. For the first time in birds, we found significant repeatability of two molecules, lysozyme and avidin, that confer innate immunity to the developing embryo.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".