Transmission of Wild-Type and Recombinant HaSnpv Among Larvae of<i>Helicoverpa armigera</i>(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on Cotton
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Horizontal transmission of insect viruses is a key factor in their cycling in agro-ecosystems. Here we study the transmission of the baculovirus HaSNPV among larvae of Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) in cotton. Transmission of three HaSNPV genotypes was studied from larvae infected with a single virus genotype and from larvae infected with two different genotypes. Genotypes included a wild-type virus, an ecdysteroid UDP-glucosyltransferase (egt) deletion mutant (HaSNPV-LM2) with slightly enhanced speed of kill, and an egt-negative genotype that expresses a neurotoxin gene derived from the scorpion Androctonus australis Hector (HaSNPV-4A). The latter genotype has a substantially increased speed of kill. In three field experiments, the wild-type and egt deletion virus variants and a mixture of the two had similar rates of transmission. Transmission increased with density of infector insects and decreased with time lapsed since the inoculation of the infector larvae. Transmission of the neurotoxin expressing virus was lower than that of the other two genotypes in a glasshouse experiment. The studied genotypes of HaSNPV have significant differences in time to kill and virus yield, but we found no significant differences in rates of virus transmission at the crop level in the case of the egt deletion variant HaSNPV-LM2. Transmission of the transgenic virus genotype HaSNPV-4A was significantly reduced. Overall, differences in transmission between virus genotypes were subtler, and more difficult to detect with statistical significance, than effects of other factors, such as density of infectors and time delay between release of infectors and recipient caterpillars on the plant.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".