Understanding Whole Systems Change in Health Care: The Case of Nurse Practitioners in Canada
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Nurse practitioners (NPs) were introduced into the Canadian health system almost half a century ago. Despite early evidence of their effectiveness, it took decades to establish a substantial critical mass of NPs. Using the NP as a case study exemplar, we adopted a whole system change perspective to understand what else besides evidence was needed to ensure the success of desirable health systems innovations. We identified elements of whole systems change to analyze literature on the NP movement in terms of leverages, blockages, and system dynamics. Results suggest that evidence was only one of many factors shaping the uptake of NP services as part of larger, ongoing, adaptive whole systems change. The changes required to integrate the NP role within the health system reflect a socio-ecological perspective that may be used to understand sustainable health systems innovation and improvement.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it