Food Dependent Movement of Periwinkles (<i>Littorina littorea</i>) Associated with Feeding Fronts
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Consumer aggregations have the potential to drastically change the distribution and availability of resources. One form of aggregation observed in marine benthic invertebrates is the feeding front: a dense band of consumers that travels in a directional manner through a food patch, leaving a cleared area behind it. By artificially creating spatial heterogeneity in the distribution of a filamentous green alga, the formation of a feeding front of periwinkles Littorina littorea was induced on a rocky intertidal shore. The position of the front, the density of snails that comprised it, and the movement of individual snails in and around the front were monitored over a period of 14 days. During that period, the front advanced at an average speed of 2.25 cm d-1 and the density of snails in the front varied between 10 and 24 snails 100 cm-2. Temporal variation in snail density was negatively correlated with wave action. Snails on the trailing edge of the front or on bare rock behind the front exhibited directional movement towards the front, but snails in the front moved shorter distances than those on bare rock. These results support previous findings of resource-dependent movement as a causal mechanism of front formation in marine benthic habitats.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".