Mapping and Quantifying the Clay Aggregate Microporosity in Medium- to Coarse-Grained Sandstones Using the 14C-PMMA Method
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Microporous aggregates of kaolin minerals and illite are common products filling the intergranular volume (IGV) of deeply buried sandstones. Using BSEi (backscattered electron imaging), a full analysis of IGV is difficult and time consuming since it necessitates a two-step process, at the scales of (1) macroporosity between the detrital grains, and (2) microporosity within the clay aggregates. The 14C-PMMA method permits the mapping and quantification of the connected porosity in sandstone core samples across scales. This method is based on the complete impregnation of the connected porosity by 14C-labeled MethylMethAcrylate (MMA) monomer, and its subsequent in situ polymerization. Imaging the spatial distribution of the radioactive tracer within a section of an impregnated sample allows an integrated analysis of IGV from the core scale to the nanometer scale. This technique is illustrated through analysis of the clay cement of a medium- to coarse-grained sandstone from the Athabasca Basin (Canada). The measured connected porosity distributions of kaolin mineral aggregates (average porosity 42%) and illite fillings (average porosity 70%) are in accordance with Gaussian distributions. This method also permits quantification of the relative volumetric amounts of the both illite and kaolin aggregate.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".