A comparative analysis of putative oxygen-sensing cells in the fish gill
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We investigated the distribution of serotonin (5-HT)-containing neuroepithelial cells (NECs), the putative O(2) sensing cells, in the gills of four species of fish: trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), goldfish (Carassius auratus), trairão (Hoplias lacerdae) and traira (Hoplias malabaricus) using immunohistochemical markers for 5-HT, synaptic vesicles and neural innervation. We found that all fish had a cluster of innervated, serotonergic NECs at the filament tips, but there were species-specific distributions of serotonin-containing NECs within the primary gill filaments. Trout gill filaments had a greater number of serotonin-containing NECs than both trairão and traira, whereas goldfish primary filaments had none. Serotonin-containing NECs in the secondary lamellae were most numerous in goldfish, present in trairão and traira, but absent in trout. Those found in the primary filament were generally associated with the efferent filamental artery. Innervated, serotonin-containing cells (NECs or Merkel-like cells) were also found in the gill rakers of trout and goldfish although vesicular serotonin was only found in the gill rakers of goldfish. These differences in serotonergic NEC distribution appear to reflect paracrine versus chemoreceptive roles related to hypoxia tolerance in the different fish species.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".