A Study of Cross‐Cultural Adaptation by English‐Speaking Sojourners in Spain
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract: This study investigated 127 British university students who worked as English monitors (i.e., instructors) in an “Enjoy English” program in Spain. This program gives children the opportunity to improve their English skills through a number of recreational activities. We assessed the monitors' attitudes toward Spain and Spanish people, motivation to learn Spanish, adjustment to Spanish culture, and self‐ratings of Spanish proficiency, as well their supervisors' ratings of their personalities and their success as instructors in the program. The monitors were tested at the beginning of the four‐week program and again at the end, whereas the supervisors were tested only at the end of the program. The results demonstrated significant changes in the monitors' attitudes and ratings of proficiency in Spanish over the duration of the program. Moreover, these changes defined four dimensions: Integrativeness, Motivation, Adjustment, and Self‐confidence with Spanish. Relationships were also found between pretest characteristics of the monitors, supervisors' perceptions of the monitors' personalities, and supervisors' ratings of teaching performance. A multiple regression analysis showed that Teaching Performance was predicted significantly by the number of languages spoken by the monitors and supervisors' ratings of their Agreeableness and Extroversion. These results are discussed in terms of the roles of attitude and motivation in second language learning, factors associated with adjustment to a new culture, and characteristics of successful teachers.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it