Pore pressure/stress coupling and its implications for rock failure
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Clastic dykes and sills witness that subsurface sediment mobilization is often controlled by the brittle failure of units ‘sealing’ overpressured and liquidized sediments. Brittle failure also imposes a limit on the buoyancy pressure that can be exerted by hydrocarbon columns. Conventional understanding of brittle failure induced by increasing pore pressure (P p ) assumes that total minimum horizontal stress (σ h ) is unaffected by changes in pore pressure. However, total minimum horizontal stress increases from shallow, normally pressured sequences to deeper, overpressured sequences. Data from the Canadian Scotian Shelf, the North Sea and the Australian North West Shelf demonstrate such P p /σ h coupling, with the minimum horizontal stress increasing at approximately 60–80% of the rate of pore pressure (i.e., Δσ h /ΔP p = 0.6–0.8). Hence, a greater increase in pore pressure can be sustained prior to brittle failure of units sealing overpressured compartments than would be predicted by conventional, uncoupled failure models. Furthermore, because total vertical stress is not similarly coupled to pore pressure, differential stress (σ 1 –σ 3 ) reduces as pore pressure increases in normal fault regime basins. Thus, the mode of rock failure can not be inferred from differential stress in the stable state and P p /σ h coupling promotes tensile over shear failure.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".