Evaluation of feed protein quality by measuring plasma free amino acids in Atlantic salmon (<i>Salmo salar</i>L.) after dorsal aorta cannulation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Two successive experiments were conducted in order to assess plasma free amino acid (FAA) profiles as a method for evaluating protein quality of fish feeds for Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar (L.).In experiment 1, the importance of meal size and inter-fish variation was assessed by using dorsal aorta cannulated fish and diets that contained different sources of fishmeal (menhaden versus herring) which in the case of herring, had been dried at either 70 or 100 °C.In experiment 2, an attempt was made to mimic a production situation by comparing the FAA profiles in salmon fed diets containing two commercially available fishmeals that had been produced in accordance with industrial standards (Norse-LT94Ò and NorSeaMinkÒ; Norsildmel AL, Fyllingsdalen, Norway).FAA profiles in plasma 6 h after feeding were compared with feed true protein digestibility as determined in mink.Cannulated fish, held in individual tanks, were hand-fed twice daily to pellet rejection (satiety) and daily records of the actual rations consumed were maintained.A total of 24 different amino acids and other amino-containing compounds were detected using high-pressure liquid chromatography.Morning and evening meal size showed significant correlations.Meal size had a significant effect on blood levels of the majority of essential free amino acids (EAA) as well as the total sum of FAA (TFAA).In experiment 1, a marked inter-individual effect was found, possibly because of incipient sexual maturation.FAA profiles were therefore corrected for meal size by linear regression while repeated sampling via the permanently implanted cannula allowed paired comparisons of the different test diets, minimizing inter-individual variation.Significant differences in plasma FAA profile, EAA and TFAA were detected between fish fed all diets in both experiments.The preceding parameters for fish ingesting each feed were directly related to their respective mink protein digestibility in experiment 1, but not in experiment 2. Our results show that dietary protein quality can be differentiated by the aforementioned protocol, and by using fish with a low metabolic rate feed qualities could be ranked correctly as in experiment 1.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".