Observations of water in comets with Odin
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Odin satellite, which can observe the 110–101 rotational line at 557 GHz of ortho water with a high spectral resolution (80 m s-1) and a spatial resolution of 2.1´, is well suited for cometary studies. The intensity of this line provides an estimate of the water production rate. The line width gives a direct measure of the coma expansion velocity. The line centre position and shape are affected by the anisotropy of the outgassing and by optical depth effects. Comets observed with Odin up to now are C/2001 A2 (LINEAR) during the commissioning phase of the satellite, 19P/Borrelly at the time of the Deep Space 1 flyby, C/2000 WM1 (LINEAR), and 153P/2002 C1 (Ikeya-Zhang). For this last comet, thorough observations were made at the moment of its closest approach to Earth at the end of April 2002. A deep integration resulted in the detection of the 110–101 line of HO at 548 GHz. No 16O/18O isotopic anomaly is found.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".