St. John's Wort Extract Induces CYP3A and CYP2E1 in the Swiss Webster Mouse
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This investigation was designed to determine the ability of St. John's wort (SJW), a readily available antidepressant, to induce various hepatic drug metabolizing enzymes. SJW (140 or 280 mg/kg/day) was administered to male Swiss Webster mice for 1, 2, or 3 weeks. Enzymatic activity was analyzed in hepatic microsomes for all of the following drug metabolizing enzymes: CYP3A, CYP1A, CYP2E1, and UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UDPGT). The catalytic activity of CYP1A was unchanged from control following any dose or duration of SJW, while both CYP3A and CYP2E1 catalytic activities were increased 2-fold by both SJW concentrations but only following 3 weeks of administration. Results from Western immunoblotting studies supported the changes in catalytic activity, as protein levels for CYP2E1 and CYP3A were increased (2.5-fold and 6-fold, respectively) following 3 weeks of SJW administration. Additionally, the catalytic activity of the conjugation enzyme UDPGT was unchanged from control following all SJW treatments. These results indicate that in the mouse moderate doses of SJW cause an increase in the catalytic activity and polypeptide levels of CYP2E1 and CYP3A but only following 21 days of administration, while the catalytic activity of CYP1A and UDPGT activity remain unaffected.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".