Increased skin carcinogenesis in caspase-activated DNase knockout mice
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Caspase-activated DNase (CAD), also called DNA fragmentation factor (DFF), is the enzyme responsible for DNA fragmentation during apoptosis, a hallmark of programmed cell death. CAD/DFF has been shown to suppress radiation-induced carcinogenesis by preventing genomic instability in cells. In this study, we have investigated the role of CAD in chemical carcinogenesis using CAD-null mice and two-stage model of skin carcinogenesis. After topical treatment of mouse skin with dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) as an initiator and 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) as a promoting agent, there was a 4-fold increase in the number of papillomas per mouse and 50.8% increase in the incidence of papilloma formation in the CAD knockout mice compared with wild-type littermates. The papillomas in CAD-null mice grew faster and reached larger sizes. These data indicate that loss of CAD function enhances tumorigenesis induced by a chemical carcinogen in the DMBA/TPA two-stage model of skin carcinogenesis in mice.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".