Phenetic relationships among different races of Striga gesnerioides (Willd.) Vatke from West Africa
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Striga gesnerioides is a root hemiparasite that primarily parasitizes dicotyledonous species, including cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) and other legumes. Based on the differential resistance response of various cultivars, landraces, and breeding lines, it has been proposed that several distinct races of cowpea-parasitic S. gesnerioides exist in West Africa. In this study, we used amplified fragment length polymorphism profile analysis to examine the genetic variability within and among populations of cowpea-parasitic S. gesnerioides within the suspected distribution range of a particular race, and statistical clustering methods to define the phenetic relationships of the various races in West Africa. Our data indicate that genetic variability within and among populations of each of the previously recognized races of cowpea-parasitic S. gesnerioides is extremely low. On the basis of genotypic profile and host differential resistance responses, 2 previously unknown races were identified. Of the 7 races now identifiable, races SG1 (from Burkina Faso) and SG5 (from Cameroon) are the most closely related, and SG4 (from Benin) and SG3 (from Niger/Nigeria) are the most divergent. SG6, a new race of the parasite identified in Senegal, was found to be the most genetically similar to SG4 from Benin. We also demonstrate that a hypervirulent isolate of the S. gesnerioides from Zakpota, in the Republic of Benin, is genotypically distinct from other populations of SG4, thereby warranting designation as a separate race, which we called SG4z. To further support our race classification scheme, we identified a group of molecular markers that effectively discriminate each of the various races. Finally, we show that an isolate (designated SG4i) of the wild legume Indigofera hirsuta--parasitic S. gesnerioides is genetically distinct and significantly diverged from the various races of cowpea-parasitic S. gesnerioides. Our data suggest that both geographic isolation and host-driven selection are critical factors defining race formation in S. gesnerioides in West Africa.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it