Bibliographic record
Abstract
Spiral burrows perpendicular to the bedding plane are well known in the fossil record and are usually referred to the ichnogenus Gyrolithes.Common in Mesozoic and Cenozoic marginal-marine, brackish-water deposits, the only records of Gyrolithes in Paleozoic rocks are from the Cambrian.In Permian rocks of the Paraná Basin (Rio do Sul and Rio Bonito formations), south Brazil, some short, irregularly spiraled burrows similar to Gyrolithes occur in marginalmarine, brackish-water siltstone and mudstone, closely associated with Thalassinoides, forming a Glossifungites suite.These burrows seem to play the same ethologic role of the corkscrew-shaped burrows that grade into modern Thalassinoides burrow systems.The corkscrew shape of Gyrolithes is assumed to represent a widespread architectural adaptation to deal with extreme salinity fluctuations in Mesozoic and Cenozoic brackish-water environments.However, spirals produced by thalassinidean shrimps in brackish water connected to modern Thalassinoides burrow systems are related to feeding activities.Instead of behavior to avoid extreme salinity fluctuations, the decapod spiral burrows may represent a feeding strategy to exploit organic-rich zones of the substrate in calm and protected environments.The discovery of spiral burrows in Permian marginal-marine stiffgrounds to firmgrounds indicates that this strategy was already adopted by some group of infaunal crustaceans in brackish-water ecosystems during the late Paleozoic.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".