Longest Polyurethane Lined and Coated Steel Pipeline in North America : The Provo Reservoir Canal Enclosure Project
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Polyurethanes have found extensive applications in the pipe coating industry because they exhibit excellent corrosion resistance, abrasion resistance, toughness, and chemical resistance, as well as a wide range of useful mechanical properties. Though the first AWWA standard for polyurethane lining and coating of steel pipe was published in 1999, fast-setting, high-solids polyurethane has been used to line and coat steel pipe since the 1980's. The Provo Reservoir Canal Enclosure Project (PRCEP) is a 21-mile, 126-inch diameter steel pipeline that was placed into service in early May 2012. This $150 million undertaking is saving approximately 8000 acre-ft of water annually from evaporation and seepage, and has the capacity to carry 400 MGD of raw water. Several pipe materials were considered for the construction of this line, with polyurethane lined and coated steel pipe being selected as the most economical solution for the project. The PRCEP line is one of the longest and largest-diameter polyurethane lined and coated steel water transmission pipelines in the world, and certainly the longest in North America. This paper systematically outlines the contents of the AWWA C222 standard for polyurethane coating systems and relates it to the project, in tandem with discussions on the requirements of the project specifications. In-plant coating application and quality control are discussed. Installation and constructability issues are discussed from the Contractor's perspective.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".