Early Menarche Predicts Incidence of Asthma in Early Adulthood
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The present study explores the effect of age at menarche on the incidence of asthma during early adulthood. The analysis was based on Canadian girls followed up from 8-11 to 18-21 years of age during the first 6 cycles (1994-2005) of the National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth. Early menarche was defined as 1 standard deviation less than the average age at menarche. Asthma occurrence after menarche was measured as asthma that was diagnosed by a health care professional. The authors used logistic regression to investigate the association between early menarche and incidence of asthma, adjusting for possible confounders. A total of 1,176 girls weighted to represent 352,345 Canadian girls were analyzed. The incidence of asthma after menarche was 11.2% (95% confidence interval: 8.3, 14.0). The onset of early menarche (<11.56 years of age) predicted postmenarcheal incidence of asthma; girls who matured early had more than twice the risk of developing asthma during early adulthood than did girls who matured at an average age (odds ratio, 2.34, 95% confidence interval: 1.19, 4.59). The present study provides partial insight into the worldwide rapid increase in asthma rates that coincides with the declining trends in menarcheal timing. Further studies within different contexts are warranted to assess the generalizability of these Canadian findings.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".