Feasibility of recycling KOH in chemical activation of oil‐sands petroleum coke
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Although potassium hydroxide (KOH) is known to be effective in generating highly porous activated carbons, the mechanism of KOH activation has not been well elucidated. To develop porosity in carbon, a high KOH/carbon mass ratio must be maintained. Consequently, KOH, as the activating agent, represents a major part of the cost of the activation process. Focusing on the mechanism, particularly the activation products, the present work attempted to establish the technical feasibility of recycling KOH. Experiments revealed that the major products of KOH activation at 600–900°C are metallic K, K 2 CO 3 , CO and H 2 , which is supported by thermodynamic analysis. The overall reaction may be written as 6KOH + 4C = K 2 CO 3 + 4K + 3H 2 + 3CO. At temperatures over 900°C, K 2 CO 3 becomes unstable and participates in activation reactions with carbon; a more suitable overall reaction would be KOH + C = CO + K + 0.5H 2 . As potassium ion is reduced to metallic K which is readily converted into KOH and hydrogen gas upon reacting with water, KOH recycling is feasible. The reuse of KOH in chemical activation could substantially reduce the cost of activation process. © 2011 Canadian Society for Chemical Engineering
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".