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Record W2152983225 · doi:10.1002/hast.314

When Evidence Is Contested

2014· article· en· W2152983225 on OpenAlexaboutno aff
Karen J. Maschke

Bibliographic record

VenueThe Hastings Center Report · 2014
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldMedicine
TopicGlobal Cancer Incidence and Screening
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsMammographyMedicineValue (mathematics)Breast cancerFamily medicineBreast cancer screeningGynecologyCancer

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Abstract In February 2014, BMJ published the findings of the twenty‐five‐year follow‐up of the Canadian National Breast Cancer Screening Study. Data from this study indicate, the article reports, that mammography screening in women aged forty to fifty‐nine does not reduce the death rate from breast cancer “beyond that of physical examination alone or usual care in the community.” Based on these findings, the authors suggest it is time to reassess the value of mammography screening. This report has reignited an often acrimonious debate about the value of screening people for various diseases when no symptoms are present. As with the recent controversy about the value of prostate cancer screening, the debate about mammography screening offers two important lessons about science, technology, and medicine: scientific evidence carries serious limitations, and we need a better approach to assessing it than the current fragmented one .

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.001
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.547
Threshold uncertainty score0.311

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0010.001
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.150
GPT teacher head0.357
Teacher spread0.207 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designObservational
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations1
Published2014
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

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