Rapid determination of plutonium in urine using flow injection on-line preconcentration and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A rapid technique for the determination of Pu in urine samples using flow injection (FI) on-line preconcentration, desolvation nebulization using a highly sensitive APEX device and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry with a dynamic reaction cell (ICP-DRC-MS) was developed. Using the DRC avoided the necessity to separate Pu from U, and thus made the technique more rapid. Effective preconcentration and matrix separation for urine samples was achieved using TRU resin as the ion exchanger. A detection limit for 242Pu of 1.9 pg L−1 was achieved for raw, undigested urine samples using a 10 ml sample volume. The reproducibility of the method was demonstrated by recovery measurements performed on urine that had been collected from several non-exposed volunteers and spiked with Pu. 205Tl and 175Lu were used as an internal standard and yield tracer, respectively. The method provides a rapid (∼11 min) means of measuring Pu in urine with no off-line sample pre-treatment, at levels below the regulatory requirements for drinking water.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it