Thermodynamic and kinetic studies on alkoxylation of camphene over cation exchange resin catalysts
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The alkoxylation of camphene with 2‐methyl‐1,3‐propanediol was studied using anhydrous macroporous and strong acid cation exchange resins as catalysts. The effects of various parameters, such as catalyst type, solvent, molar ratio of reactants, reaction temperature, and reusability of catalysts, were investigated in a 250 mL stirred tank reactor to optimize the reaction conditions. The UNIFAC group contribution method was used to correct liquid nonideality, giving the thermodynamic equilibrium constant at 333–370 K. The enthalpy changes calculated by three different methods (Gaussian 03, constant, and a function of temperature) were compared. The value (−74.6 ± 3.3 kJ/mol) calculated by the last method was closer to the theoretical value (−75.73 kJ/mol) than that given by the second method (−30.2 ±1.2 kJ/mol). A Langmuir–Hinshelwood–Hougen–Watson model based on activity was used to fit experimental data and the activation energy was 29.14 kJ/mol. The optimized reaction conditions were also verified in a 5 L reaction kettle. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J , 61: 1925–1932, 2015
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".