Bibliographic record
Abstract
One of the most clinically problematic challenges in the management of fibromyalgia syndrome (FM) is the unrefreshing nature of sleep. The problem goes beyond misperceiving the duration or quality of sleep, to a point where patients may feel worse after sleep — a complete loss of the restorative power of sleep. This clinical feature has been associated with changes in sleep that are not readily determined by conventional sleep stages and scoring, but may be identified by a number of complementary analyses. In essence, they all capture in some form the dominance of low amplitude fluctuations in physiological signals during sleep1,2. “Low” is a relative term — pathological sleep, a good example of which is sleep apnea, is dominated by oscillations recurring in nearly every signal trace, every 25–35 seconds. There is a separate set of oscillations at a higher frequency that dominates slow-wave sleep and unfragmented N2 non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep, centered on respiration, best seen as strong sinus arrhythmia and breath-to-breath respiratory modulation of blood pressure during periods of stable breathing3. In the electroencephalographic (EEG) … Address correspondence to Dr. Thomas. E-mail: rthomas1{at}bidmc.harvard.edu
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.006 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.005 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.013 | 0.013 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".