Deletion of arginine from an abomasal infusion of amino acids does not decrease milk protein yield in Holstein cows
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study was undertaken to determine if a limited supply of Arg would alter milk and milk protein yields, as well as mammary uptake of AA and energetic substrates. Six lactating Holstein cows (199 ± 5 d in milk) were used in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square balanced for residual effects with 14-d periods. The diet was formulated to supply 100% of the National Research Council net energy requirement and 72% of the metabolizable protein requirement. The treatments were randomly distributed as abomasal infusions of (1) water (CTL), (2) a mixture of essential AA (EAA) excluding Arg (ARG-), or (3) a mixture of EAA including Arg (ARG+). The profile of EAA in the infusates was the same as that found in casein with the exception that methionine was increased to maintain a 3:1 ratio of digestible lysine:methionine (total dietary+infusion). Milk protein yield was increased by the ARG+ compared with the CTL treatment and deletion of Arg in the infusate (ARG-) did not impair this response. Deletion of Arg from the EAA mixture decreased the mammary uptake of Arg relative to that of the CTL treatment, and although the uptake:output ratio decreased from 2.52 (ARG+) to 2.12 (ARG-), it was still largely in excess of Arg secretion in milk protein. Otherwise, Arg deletion did not affect any of the measured parameters (no significant difference between ARG- and ARG+) except Arg and urea arterial concentrations. In support of the increased yields of milk protein and lactose, mammary uptake of the group 2 AA (Ile, Leu, Lys, and Val) increased and the uptake:output ratio tended to increase from 1.04 to 1.23. The mammary uptake:milk protein output ratio was not different from 1 and not different among treatments for the group 1 AA (His, Met, Phe+Tyr, Trp). Mammary uptake of energetic substrates did not vary across treatments, although milk lactose yield increased with the ARG+ treatment relative to CTL. These results indicate that deletion of Arg has minimal effects on milk and milk component yields when the remaining EAA are supplied in sufficient amounts despite decreased mammary Arg uptake and that group 2 AA seem to be involved in the mammary gland to support the lactose yield response to EAA infusion.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".