Effects of Fulvic Concentration and Molecular Size on Complexation of Am and Pu with Aquatic Fulvic Acids
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The association properties of Am and Pu with aquatic fulvic acid in a 0.01 M NaClO4 solution at pH 6-7 were studied on the basis of molecular size distribution. Seven fulvic acids (FA) were isolated from river, lake, and groundwater samples using XAD extraction technique. They were used for comparison of their effects on the association of Am and Pu. In the absence of FA, about 80% of Am and 75% of Pu were found to have molecular size greater than 450 nm (particulate forms). On the other hand, in the presence of FA, particulate forms of Am and Pu decreased with increasing FA concentration, and were negligible at the FA concentration of 10 mg/L. Both Am and Pu were associated mainly with aquatic FA having two size fractions of 30-10 kDa or less than 5 kDa. The differences between Am and Pu were rather small and the association patterns were divisible into two groups: size-selective and non-size-selective. Complexation of FA with Am and Pu was controlled by the amount of FA, the percentage, and characteristics of each size fraction of FA.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".