Immunoresistance in Cervical Dystonia Patients After Treatment With AbobotulinumtoxinA
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Formation of antibodies against botulinum toxin type A has been observed following treatment of Cervical Dystonia (CD). We present the immunological findings from two 12-week Phase III prospective, randomized, double-blind, single-dose, placebo-controlled studies (Study 1, n = 116; Study 2, n = 136). Patients in both studies were administered abobotulinumtoxinA 500U or placebo intramuscularly at baseline. Patients could receive up to three or four additional treatments (250-1000U) in an open-label follow-up period. Blood samples were collected at baseline and during treatment to test for antibodies to abobotulinumtoxinA using a radioimmunoprecipitation assay (Study 2 only) and a mouse protection assay. Loss of response was predefined using the Toronto Western Spasmodic Torticollis Rating Scale (TWSTRS) total score at 4 weeks following injection. No subjects in Study 1 and one individual in Study 2 developed neutralizing antibodies (nABs) during the double-blind treatment phase; the individual who developed immunoresistance had received botulinum toxin type A treatment prior to the study and did not respond to treatment. Two subjects demonstrated a change in nAB status during open-label treatment and overall responsiveness was maintained in these patients. In conclusion, the development of immunoresistance was rare and, in the presence of circulating nABs, patients may still gain benefit from intramuscular abobotulinumtoxinA treatment.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".