Identifying Water Thickness in Various Layers in PEMFCs through EIS and X-ray Radiography
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In order to understand the detailed relationship between liquid water presence and polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) performance, diagnostic tools which offer an accurate measure of liquid water in the fuel cell during operation are required. This work presents electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and synchrotron X-ray radiography for studying this liquid water/performance relationship. X-ray radiography was applied in the through-plane direction of the cell, and by using the Beer-Lambert law, liquid water was quantified in the anode and cathode flow channels, gas diffusion layers (GDLs), microporous layers (MPLs), and membrane electrode assembly (MEA). EIS was used as a non-invasive diagnostic tool in quantifying the equivalent resistances of the fuel cell. This paper presents studies of water thickness in various layers of the fuel cell during EIS measurements and demonstrates the role of the water thickness of each layer in the overall mass transport resistance of the fuel cell. The fuel cells analyzed have two varying MPL thicknesses at increasing constant current densities. Nyquist plots will be discussed with relation to amount of liquid water visualized.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".