Dextro‐amphetamine increases phosphoinositol cycle activity in volunteers: an MRS study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
AIMS: To help determine the effects of dextro-amphetamine on the phosphoinositol cycle (PI-cycle) in humans, (1)H and (31)P magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) was utilized in 17 healthy volunteers. This was an open-label study carried out before and after administration of 20 mg oral dextro-amphetamine. Subjects also rated the subjective effects of dextro-amphetamine administration using visual analog scales (VAS). MAJOR FINDINGS: Following dextro-amphetamine administration there was a significant increase in the concentrations of both myo-inositol and phosphomonoesters. CONCLUSIONS: These findings are in keeping with suggestions that dextro-amphetamine administration increases the activity of the phosphoinositol cycle, probably via an indirect release of dopamine and noradrenaline. These results are the first time that this has been confirmed in humans.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".