The Living Monument: A Consideration of the Politics of Indigenous Representation and Public Historical Monuments in Québec.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This thesis discusses key problems that historical public monuments in Québec raise for the historical and present-day politics of representation of Indigenous peoples through the discussion of two monuments in the Province of Québec --the 1893 Jacques Cartier Fountain in Montréal by Joseph-Arthur Vincent, and the 1890 sculpture La halte dans la forêt in Québec City designed by Louis-Philippe Hébert. It begins by examining the ways in which Indigenous peoples were represented in the period of Cartiermania (1820-1920) in relation to the Jacques Cartier Fountain which was the first monument erected in the likeness of Cartier. It then considers representations of the stereotype of the “noble savage” in Québec during Cartiermania, and two other historical moments: early French-Canadian nationalism (1763-1920) and present-day. I argue that both the Jacques Cartier fountain and La halte dans la forêt, fall into the tradition of representing Indigenous figures as allegory for French Canadian nationalism during the late nineteenth-century. The thesis concludes with a discussion of Onondaga/Iroquois artist Jeff Thomas’ views on the notion of the “living monument.” As a potential site for voicing contemporary Indigenous perspectives on such representations, the living monument offers a helpful strategy to negotiate historical and contemporary discourses on representation of Indigenous peoples in Québec.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.034 | 0.014 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.008 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.011 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".