Characteristics of Soil Pockets Resulting from the AerWay Rolling Tines
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
<abstract><title><italic>Abstract.</italic></title> Soil aerators have recently been adapted for land application of liquid manure. Characteristics of the soil pockets formed by the aerator affect the manure infiltration, placement, and potential manure application rate. A two-year field study was carried out to evaluate factors affecting pocket characteristics in two forage fields in Manitoba, Canada; one field had a clay loam soil, and the other had a loamy sand soil. An AerWay aerator with two types of rolling tines (shatter and leaf tines) was used in the field study. Each type of rolling tine was operated at two different swing angles (0° and 5°) and two penetration depths (125 and 150 mm). The characteristics of the resultant soil pockets including pocket opening dimensions and pocket volume were measured. Pocket opening varied between 91 and 212 mm in length, 9 and 44 mm in width, and 1,088 and 5,555 mm<sup>2</sup> in area. The volume of pocket also varied with the soil type, tine type, penetration depth, and swing angle, and ranged between 69 and 327 mL. Larger pocket openings and volumes were observed in the clay loam soil than in the loamy sand soil. The shatter tines created larger soil pocket volumes than the leaf tines. The larger swing angle and greater penetration depth resulted in larger soil pockets.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
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Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it