Monitoring the distribution and deposition of trace elements associated with a zinc-lead smelter in the Trail area, British Columbia, Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The atmospheric deposition and regional dispersion pattern of the elements As, Cd, Cu, Hg, Pb and Zn, emitted from Pb-Zn smelters at Trail, British Columbia, Canada, were studied for a period of two years using the passive collection moss-monitoring method. Concentrations of these elements in moss bags, exposed to atmospheric deposition for three months, were first corrected for geogenic input and then site-specific local background level to produce common background elemental concentrations for all monitoring stations. The results of this study indicate that the deposition of these elements is greatest in proximity to the smelter and decreases with an increase in distance. The regional dispersion pattern generally varies seasonally, with the magnitude of variation being dependent on the element under study and the location of the monitoring station. Overall, the deposition of these elements (as registered by moss-monitoring stations) appears to be a complex phenomenon involving various factors such as meteorological conditions (prevailing wind direction and precipitation), physiography (topography, valley shape and orientation) and in-process activities at the smelters (production level, emission control efficiency and the geochemistry of feed). However, the results of this study indicate that, on an annual basis, in-process activities, particularly production levels of Pb and Zn and the quantity of emissions from the stack, are more directly related to the observed deposition of the elements than any of the other factors.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".